This article deals with the phenomenon of global Pentecostalism, which, together with the other charismatic movements, is the fastest growing form of Christianity in most regions of the ‘Global South’ (especially in Latin Ameri- ca and Africa). The spread of Pentecostalism leads not only to a new format of inter-religious relations, but also to the aggravation of the contradictions between the logic of nation-states and the logic of transnational movements, which go across national borders. The most important question touched by the author is the following: Does the spread of Pentecostalism give rise to a new form of modernity, different from both European and American, or is it just a mean that allows some African or Latin American societies to catch up with secular capitalism?