Today, the ideas of the Russian monarch or Russia itself as “katechon” are popular in the right‑conservative circles, and on this basis attempts are made to explain the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent events of the twentieth century as a fight against “katechon” up to his “ritual murder”. According to these views, the Freemasons and Jews were responsible for the Revolution, as they were preparing the coming of the Antichrist. What role such representations played in pre‑revolutionary and revolutionary Russia and whom did they attract? The article speaks about the popularity of the prophecies about the end of the world in Russia at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, shows how the faked “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” fit into this context, and analyzes how and why the myth of Jewish and Freemasons’ conspiracy directly followed from these prophecies.