The publication presents the protocols of two meetings of the Section for the Study of Religions of the USSR headed by Nikolay Matorin in 1934. One was devoted to domestic Orthodoxy in Luga region, the other — to the pre-Christian beliefs of Eastern Slavs. Protocols show not only various aspects of the research work of the section, but also represent a complete program of study of the religious practices in the USSR, which was created by Matorin and his associates and then interrupted by Stalinist persecutions. The publication is accompanied by an introductory article and comments.