The paper provides a review and reflections on the book «The Science of Religion, Scientific Atheism, Religious Studies: Issues of the Scientific Study of Religion in Russia in the Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Century» (Ed. by K. M. Antonov, Moscow, 2014). The author of the review critically examines the volume in terms of the basic principles of the study of the history of science. In the author’s opinion, the lack of archival materials as the basic source of research, as well as an absence of carefully presented bibliography of the history of religious studies in the twentieth century Russia, did not allow the contributors to give professional answers to the questions they put in the volume.