The texts, presented below, belong to several authors who participated in 9th century controversy on predestination. These excerpts illustrate positions of key participants: Gottschalk of Orbais on

«double predestination», his critics (Hrabanus Maurus and Hincmar, archbishop of Reims), who claimed that there is only predestination to good and Amolo, archbishop of Lyon, who thought that doctrine of predestination shouldn’t drive people to despair and that is why Scripture and writings of Augustine should be interpreted with this rule in mind.