The article shows how Robert Boyle’s natural theology matched with his strong Christian theism. The author demonstrates how one of the founders of experimental science gave a theological interpretation to his research set, trying to banish suspicion against science from the side of religion and at the same time to provide a religious answer to atheism using natural theology.

Although western medieval thinkers in general had a little interest in non-Christian religious traditions, one can find a sort of comparative study of religions already in the 13th century. As a rule, the purpose of such studies was to prove the superiority of Christianity over other religions, and the means used were often the instruments of ‘natural human reason’. Works of Roger Bacon (1214/22–ca. 1292) is the most striking example of this approach.