This article describes the ethnographic collections gathered by E.M. Shilling for the Central Antireligious Museum in the Caucasus during expeditions from 1934 to 1940. It contains not only a detailed classification and technical description of material relevant to the traditional beliefs of the peoples of the Caucasus, but also valuable anthropological, cultural, historical and bibliographic information. The introduction of this information into scientific circulation will not only allow for a more accurate attribution of objects of everyday religious practice stored in Russian museums, but also will shed new light on the characteristics of the traditional religiosity of the peoples of the Eastern Caucasus.