Russian Orthodox clergy

Popular Religiosity and Images of Priesthood during the First World War and Revolution

The article investigates the reasons for the spread of negative images of the clergy, captured during the World War I in the letters of ordinary people and, since 1917, in visual sources.

The “Spiritual Proletariat” and the Popular Legitimacy of the All-Russian Church Council of 1917–1918

After the February Revolution of 1917, self‑described “spiritual proletarians” of church deacons and readers actively advocated for in‑ creased material support and improved legal status in the Russian Orthodox Church.