This paper analyzes the conceptual bases for introducing and implementing the subject «Foundations of World Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics» in the public schools of the Tambov region. It draws upon official data presented by the Diocesan Administration and the regional Department of Education. The article also provides the results of independent monitoring of the introduction and teaching experience of the «Foundations of Orthodox Cultures» in the Tambov regional schools that was carried out by the staff of the Center for Religious Studies of Tambov State University. The work included questionnaires, attendance at parents’ evenings, conversations with teachers who were trained in the subject and who had experience teaching these disciplines. The author analyzes different positions concerning the teaching of «Foundation of Orthodox Culture» in schools; identifies the most significant problems in this area, which includes the preparation of teachers and the low motivation of teachers and students; and gives examples of positive experience.